Fluid Mechanics by Frank M. White

Fluid Mechanics by Frank M. White

Book Title : FLUID MECHANICS
Author : FRANK M. WHITE
Publisher : McGraw Hill
Edition : Fourth
Pages : 840
PDF size : 8.5MB

Table Of Contents:

Chapter 1
Introduction 3
1.1 Preliminary Remarks 3
1.2 The Concept of a Fluid 4
1.3 The Fluid as a Continuum 6
1.4 Dimensions and Units 7
1.5 Properties of the Velocity Field 14
1.6 Thermodynamic Properties of a Fluid 16
1.7 Viscosity and Other Secondary Properties 23
1.8 Basic Flow Analysis Techniques 38
1.9 Flow Patterns: Streamlines, Streaklines, and Pathlines 39
1.10 The Engineering Equation Solver 44
1.11 Uncertainty of Experimental Data 45
1.12 The Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Examination 46
1.13 Problem-Solving Techniques 47
1.14 History and Scope of Fluid Mechanics 47
 Problems 49
 Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Problems 57
 Comprehensive Problems 57
 References 59
Chapter 2
Pressure Distribution in a Fluid 63
2.1 Pressure and Pressure Gradient 63
2.2 Equilibrium of a Fluid Element 65
2.3 Hydrostatic Pressure Distributions 67
2.4 Application to Manometry 74
2.5 Hydrostatic Forces on Plane Surfaces 78
2.6 Hydrostatic Forces on Curved Surfaces 84
2.7 Hydrostatic Forces in Layered Fluids 86
2.8 Buoyancy and Stability 89
2.9 Pressure Distribution in Rigid-Body Motion 94
2.10 Pressure Measurement 102
 Summary 106
 Problems 106
 Word Problems 128
 Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Problems 129
 Comprehensive Problems 130
 Design Projects 131
 References 132
Chapter 3
Integral Relations for a Control Volume 135
3.1 Basic Physical Laws of Fluid Mechanics 135
3.2 The Reynolds Transport Theorem 139
3.3 Conservation of Mass 147
3.4 The Linear Momentum Equation 153
3.5 The Angular Momentum Theorem 166
3.6 The Energy Equation 172
3.7 Frictionless Flow: The Bernoulli Equation 182
 Summary 191
 Problems 192
 Word Problems 220
 Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Problems 221
 Comprehensive Problems 222
 Design Project 223
 References 223
Chapter 4
Differential Relations for Fluid Flow 225
4.1 The Acceleration Field of a Fluid 225
4.2 The Differential Equation of Mass Conservation 227
4.3 The Differential Equation of Linear Momentum 234
4.4 The Differential Equation of Angular Momentum 240
4.5 The Differential Equation of Energy 242
4.6 Boundary Conditions for the Basic Equations 244
4.7 The Stream Function 249
4.8 Vorticity and Irrotationality 257
4.9 Frictionless Irrotational Flows 259
4.10 Some Illustrative Plane Potential Flows 264
4.11 Some Illustrative Incompressible Viscous Flows 269
 Summary 278
 Problems 278
 Word Problems 288
 Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Problems 289
 Comprehensive Problems 289
 References 290
Chapter 5
Dimensional Analysis and Similarity 293
5.1 Introduction 293
5.2 The Principle of Dimensional Homogeneity 296
5.3 The Pi Theorem 302
5.4 Nondimensionalization of the Basic Equations 309
5.5 Modeling and Its Pitfalls 318
 Summary 328
 Problems 329
 Word Problems 337
 Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Problems 337
 Comprehensive Problems 338
 Design Projects 339
 References 340
Chapter 6
Viscous Flow in Ducts 343
6.1 Reynolds Number Regimes 343
6.2 Internal versus External Viscous Flows 348
6.3 Head Loss--The Friction Factor 351
6.4 Laminar Fully Developed Pipe Flow 353
6.5 Turbulence Modeling 355
6.6 Turbulent Pipe Flow 361
6.7 Three Types of Pipe Flow Problems 369
6.8 Flow in Noncircular Ducts 375
6.9 Minor Losses in Pipe Systems 384
6.10 Multiple-Pipe Systems 393
6.11 Experimental Duct Flows: Diffuser Performance 399
6.12 Fluid Meters 404
 Summary 425
 Problems 426
 Word Problems 443
 Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Problems 444
 Comprehensive Problems 445
 Design Projects 447
 References 447
Chapter 7
Flow Past Immersed Bodies 451
7.1 Reynolds Number and Geometry Effects 451
7.2 Momentum Integral Estimates 455
7.3 The Boundary Layer Equations 458
7.4 The Flat-Plate Boundary Layer 461
7.5 Boundary Layers with Pressure Gradient 470
7.6 Experimental External Flows 476
 Summary 503
 Problems 503
 Word Problems 516
 Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Problems 517
 Comprehensive Problems 517
 Design Project 518
 References 519
Chapter 8
Potential Flow and Computational Fluid Dynamics 523
8.1 Introduction and Review 523
8.2 Elementary Plane Flow Solutions 526
8.3 Superposition of Plane Flow Solutions 528
8.4 Plane Flow past Closed-Body Shapes 535
8.5 Other Plane Potential Flows 544
8.6 Images 549
8.7 Airfoil Theory 551
8.8 Axisymmetric Potential Flow 563
8.9 Numerical Analysis 568
 Summary 583
 Problems 583
 Word Problems 594
 Comprehensive Problems 594
 Design Projects 596
 References 596
Chapter 9
Compressible Flow 599
9.1 Introduction 599
9.2 The Speed of Sound 604
9.3 Adiabatic and Isentropic Steady Flow 606
9.4 Isentropic Flow with Area Changes 612
9.5 The Normal Shock Wave 619
9.6 Operation of Converging and Diverging Nozzles 627
9.7 Compressible Duct Flow with Friction 632
9.8 Frictionless Duct Flow with Heat Transfer 644
9.9 Two-Dimensional Supersonic Flow 649
9.10 Prandtl-Meyer Expansion Waves 659
 Summary 671
 Problems 672
 Word Problems 685
 Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Problems 685
 Comprehensive Problems 686
 Design Projects 687
 References 688
Chapter 10
Open-Channel Flow 691
10.1 Introduction 691
10.2 Uniform Flow; The Chazy Formula 697
10.3 Efficient Uniform-Flow Channels 702
10.4 Specific Energy; Critical Depth 704
10.5 The Hydraulic Jump 711
10.6 Gradually Varied Flow 716
10.7 Flow Measurement and Control by Weirs 724
 Summary 731
 Problems 731
 Word Problems 742
 Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Problems 743
 Comprehensive Problems 743
 Design Projects 744
 References 745
Chapter 11
Turbomachinery 747
11.1 Introduction and Classification 747
11.2 The Centrifugal Pump 750
11.3 Pump Performance Curves and Similarity Rules 756
11.4 Mixed- and Axial-Flow Pumps: The Specific Speed 766
11.5 Matching Pumps to System Characteristics 772
11.6 Turbines 779
 Summary 792
 Problems 793
 Word Problems 804
 Comprehensive Problems 804
 Design Project 806
 References 806
Appendix A Physical Properties of Fluids 808
Appendix B Compressible Flow Tables 813
Appendix C Conversion Factors 830
Appendix D Equations of Motion in Cylindrical Coordinates 832
Appendix E Introduction to EES 834
Answers to Selected Problems 846

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